{
  "release_id": "thrive-v1-9d751b6f6d1787853e7f8e31",
  "flora_id": 20,
  "display_name": "Acanthophyllum pungens",
  "scientific_name": "Acanthophyllum pungens",
  "document": {
    "schema_version": "flora-language-separated-v0.3",
    "language": "en",
    "id": 20,
    "taxonomy": {
      "original_scientific_name": "Acanthophyllum pungens",
      "accepted_name": "Acanthophyllum pungens (Bunge) Boiss.",
      "family": "Caryophyllaceae",
      "genus": "Acanthophyllum"
    },
    "display_name": "Acanthophyllum pungens",
    "family_display": "Caryophyllaceae",
    "genus_display": "Acanthophyllum",
    "description": {
      "summary": "Acanthophyllum pungens has a regional record from saline sands beside the Aralkum Desert. The Aralkum flora describes its saline and drought-stressed habitats; CNHP's 300 mM value is explicitly an estimate, not a species-specific treatment result.",
      "sections": [
        {
          "id": "s01",
          "title": "Overview",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s01-p01",
              "text": "Salinity-related evidence for Acanthophyllum pungens consists of an ecological description of saline sands adjoining the Aralkum Desert. The catalogue's 300 mM value is explicitly an estimate and is not supported by a species-specific salinity experiment.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s02",
          "title": "Names and classification",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s02-p01",
              "text": "Saltland records for Acanthophyllum pungens (Bunge) Boiss. come from groundwater-influenced sandy habitats near the Aralkum Desert in Central Asia; these records do not cover other regions or populations.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S3",
                "S5"
              ],
              "claim_type": "source_fact"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s03",
          "title": "Morphology and identification",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s03-p01",
              "text": "A perennial xerophytic herb or low subshrub, shortly hairy, with hard, conical needle-shaped leaves and small clustered flowers. The salt-desert-adjacent account does not replace a taxonomic flora treatment; usable dimensions or species-level distinctions were not found in the sources checked.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "source_fact"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s04",
          "title": "Distribution, habitat and phenology",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s04-p01",
              "text": "The 2024 Aralkum flora entry (printed p. 190) calls the species a psammophreatophyte, reports tolerance of salinity and severe drought, and lists saline sandy plains. CNHP records Xinjiang, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Russia, with stony dry slopes or sandy ground. Neither source gives a paired root-zone EC or NaCl value for a wild population.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S3",
                "S5"
              ],
              "claim_type": "source_fact"
            },
            {
              "id": "s04-p02",
              "text": "The A. pungens entry in the 2024 Aralkum flora book records flowering in April–May and fruit maturation in June–August; the CNHP_0947 Chinese catalogue row records flowering and fruiting in June–September. These are source-specific reports with different wording and scope; they do not establish one universal phenological period and are not extended to other populations or ornamental material.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s05",
          "title": "Salinity in natural habitats",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s05-p01",
              "text": "Saline sands adjacent to the Aralkum provide a regional ecological association. Direct measurements of root-zone salinity or plot-level records of adult plants at a salt-lake margin were not located. Xerophytic ecology and local saline-sand occurrence can coexist.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s06",
          "title": "Salinity studies",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s06-p01",
              "text": "CNHP_0947 lists maximum salinity as “unknown, 300 mM (estimated)” and says the entry was supplemented from flora data. It gives no salt identity, medium, provenance, stage, duration or growth endpoint, and the cited flora source is not identified; 300 mM is a catalogue estimate, not a treatment measurement for this species.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "source_fact"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s07",
          "title": "Reported mechanisms and ecological adaptations",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s07-p01",
              "text": "The book entry’s description of salt tolerance is ecological, not a measurement of a physiological mechanism. The catalogue estimate does not demonstrate ion regulation or osmotic adjustment.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s08",
          "title": "Conclusions and evidence gaps",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s08-p01",
              "text": "The Aralkum book and CNHP describe regional habitats and phenology at different scopes; their seasons should not be merged into a range-wide calendar. The catalogue's 300 mM remains an estimate. The sources support local saline-sand occurrence but give no measured tolerance threshold.",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S3",
                "S5"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "tolerance_evidence": [
      {
        "id": "M01",
        "source_ids": [
          "S3"
        ],
        "description": {
          "evidence_type": "China Halophyte Catalogue estimated-salinity field",
          "material": "CNHP_0947 species entry; provenance unspecified",
          "salt_metric": "Not specified",
          "value_and_unit": "300 mM (catalogue estimate; salt identity and medium unspecified)",
          "medium_and_exposure": "Catalogue estimate; the row provides no underlying experiment.",
          "life_stage": "Unspecified",
          "duration": "Unspecified",
          "endpoint": "Estimated maximum-salinity field",
          "result": "CNHP_0947 marks the value “unknown, 300 mM (estimated)” and attributes it to flora information; the row reports no corresponding plant salt-treatment result.",
          "limitations": "The catalogue gives no salt identity, medium, provenance, duration or biological endpoint and does not identify the cited flora text; retain 300 mM as an estimate, not a measured exposure."
        }
      }
    ],
    "database_records": [
      {
        "name_original": "china_halophyte_catalog",
        "display_name": "China Halophyte Catalog",
        "record_id": "CNHP_0947",
        "verification_level": "local_original",
        "support_scope": "The catalogue places the species on stony dry slopes or sandy ground, labels it a salt-rejecting halophyte, and lists “unknown, 300 mM (estimated),” supplemented from flora information. The entry gives no salinity measurement or linked experiment; 300 mM is not a measured NaCl threshold.",
        "source_ids": [
          "S3"
        ]
      },
      {
        "name_original": "floraveg",
        "display_name": "FloraVeg.EU",
        "record_id": "unmatched row 20",
        "verification_level": "archived_synthesis",
        "support_scope": "FloraVeg has no match for A. pungens or saline/brackish EUNIS association for the species. This describes the coverage of the European dataset and provides no ecological evidence for its Central Asian native range.",
        "source_ids": [
          "S4"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "S1",
        "citation_original": "Toderich, Matsuo, Khujanazarov, Shomurodov & Yamanaka, eds. 2024. Halophytes of the Aralkum Saline Desert and Adjacent Drylands",
        "url": "https://api.scienceweb.uz/storage/publication_files/5388/24599/661a26f9d33c8___Halophytes%20of%20the%20Aralkum%20Saline%20Desert-%20%28Low%20resolution%29.pdf",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "field_ecology",
        "verification_level": "local_original",
        "checked_at": "2026-10-03"
      },
      {
        "id": "S2",
        "citation_original": "Tottori University Arid Land Research Center publication announcement for Halophytes of the Aralkum Saline Desert",
        "url": "https://www.alrc.tottori-u.ac.jp/english/news-detail.php?id=58",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "institutional_source",
        "verification_level": "archived_synthesis",
        "checked_at": "2026-09-29"
      },
      {
        "id": "S3",
        "citation_original": "中国盐生植物名录 CNHP_0947, Acanthophyllum pungens",
        "url": "https://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/1005-0094/DATA/2025030.zip",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "database",
        "verification_level": "local_original",
        "checked_at": "2026-10-03"
      },
      {
        "id": "S4",
        "citation_original": "FloraVeg.EU row for Acanthophyllum pungens",
        "url": "https://www.floraveg.eu/",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "database",
        "verification_level": "archived_synthesis",
        "checked_at": "2026-09-29"
      },
      {
        "id": "S5",
        "citation_original": "Plants of the World Online (POWO), Kew Science. Acanthophyllum pungens (Bunge) Boiss.",
        "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:150268-1",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "taxonomic_authority",
        "verification_level": "authority_record",
        "checked_at": "2026-10-02"
      }
    ]
  }
}