{ "release_id": "thrive-v1-9d751b6f6d1787853e7f8e31", "flora_id": 24, "display_name": "Achillea maritima", "scientific_name": "Achillea maritima", "document": { "schema_version": "flora-language-separated-v0.3", "language": "en", "id": 24, "taxonomy": { "original_scientific_name": "Achillea maritima", "accepted_name": "Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend. & Y.P.Guo", "family": "Asteraceae", "genus": "Achillea" }, "display_name": "Achillea maritima", "family_display": "Asteraceae", "genus_display": "Achillea", "description": { "summary": "Achillea maritima, formerly Otanthus maritimus, is a perennial psammophyte of Mediterranean–Atlantic coastal dunes. A year-long field comparison recorded seasonal physiological differences from O. drummondii; it did not measure root-zone salinity or impose a salt treatment. FloraVeg’s S = 3.8 is a relative ecological indicator.", "sections": [ { "id": "s01", "title": "Overview", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s01-p01", "text": "Achillea maritima, formerly Otanthus maritimus, is a perennial psammophyte of Mediterranean–Atlantic coastal dunes. A year-long field comparison recorded seasonal physiological differences from O. drummondii but did not measure root-zone salinity or impose a salt treatment. FloraVeg’s S = 3.8 is a relative ecological indicator.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S3" ], "claim_type": "project_synthesis" } ] }, { "id": "s02", "title": "Names and classification", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s02-p01", "text": "The accepted name is Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend. & Y.P.Guo, formerly Otanthus maritimus. It is a perennial psammophyte of Mediterranean–Atlantic coastal dunes.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S3" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" }, { "id": "s02-p02", "text": "The former name Otanthus maritimus remains common in ecological and experimental literature.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S2", "S3", "S4" ], "claim_type": "project_synthesis" } ] }, { "id": "s03", "title": "Morphology and identification", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s03-p01", "text": "This low perennial psammophytic herb has grey-white hairs, small leaves and dense flower heads, giving it a coastal-shrub-like appearance. Older ecophysiological studies commonly use the name Otanthus maritimus.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S3", "S6" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" } ] }, { "id": "s04", "title": "Distribution, habitat and phenology", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s04-p01", "text": "Regional floras and field ecophysiology studies under the synonym document natural coastal dunes and sandy or gravelly beaches. FloraVeg also records mobile dunes and beach communities. These sources do not provide a salt-marsh or measured saline-root-zone locality for the species. Salt spray and coastal position alone do not establish saline root-zone conditions.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S2", "S3", "S4" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" }, { "id": "s04-p02", "text": "The regional Asinara flora and Herbari Virtual record a local flowering period of June–August. This island/Mediterranean record is not a range-wide calendar and is not extrapolated from horticultural material.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S6" ], "claim_type": "evidence_gap" }, { "id": "s04-p03", "text": "Zunzunegui et al. compared 15 pairs of neighbouring, similarly sized mature plants at Marismas del Odiel, Huelva, in November, February, April and July. Rainfall during May–October of the study year was only 44 mm. O. drummondii had higher assimilation in spring and summer, whereas A. maritima had higher photochemical efficiency. This was a seasonal field comparison on a dry coastal dune, without a salt treatment or root-zone salinity measurement.", "source_ids": [ "S2" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" } ] }, { "id": "s05", "title": "Salinity in natural habitats", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s05-p01", "text": "Floras and field studies found under the synonym chiefly describe mobile dunes and sandy or gravelly beaches. Relative ecological indices and coastal location do not measure salinity around the roots; a psammophyte is not automatically a halophyte.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S2", "S3", "S4" ], "claim_type": "project_synthesis" } ] }, { "id": "s06", "title": "Salinity studies", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s06-p01", "text": "FloraVeg.EU assigns the species a relative salinity-indicator value of S = 3.8. The value belongs to a community-ecology indicator scale; it is not a measurement of NaCl, soil ECe or water salinity.", "source_ids": [ "S3" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" } ] }, { "id": "s07", "title": "Reported mechanisms and ecological adaptations", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s07-p01", "text": "The year-long field comparison found seasonal differences in photosynthesis between the two dune species: A. maritima maintained higher photochemical efficiency, while O. drummondii had higher assimilation in spring and summer. The study did not measure ion responses or mechanisms under salt treatment.", "source_ids": [ "S2" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" } ] }, { "id": "s08", "title": "Conclusions and evidence gaps", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s08-p01", "text": "The available evidence places this species on coastal dunes and gravel beaches. A field ecophysiology study compared seasonal photosynthetic performance but did not manipulate or measure salinity. FloraVeg’s S = 3.8 is a regional relative indicator. Older studies use the former name Otanthus maritimus.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S2", "S3", "S4" ], "claim_type": "project_synthesis" } ] } ] }, "tolerance_evidence": [ { "id": "M01", "source_ids": [ "S3" ], "description": { "evidence_type": "FloraVeg.EU relative regional salinity indicator", "material": "Compiled species record for Achillea maritima in FloraVeg.EU", "salt_metric": "Relative ecological indicator; no salt treatment", "value_and_unit": "S = 3.8 (relative scale)", "medium_and_exposure": "European community-ecology indicator database", "life_stage": "Regional/community indicator", "duration": "Compiled database value", "endpoint": "Ecological salinity indicator", "result": "FloraVeg.EU lists S = 3.8. This is a relative community indicator, not measured NaCl, soil ECe or water salinity.", "limitations": "The indicator reflects European ecological data represented in the database; it is not a salt-treatment concentration or physiological tolerance endpoint." } } ], "database_records": [ { "name_original": "ehaloph", "display_name": "eHALOPH", "record_id": "11982", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "support_scope": "The species-level eHALOPH record is indexed under the former name Otanthus maritimus and lists a perennial psammophile, no salinity value, and ‘salt glands: No’. The database compiles synonym-based literature through 2020 and supports psammophytic habitat classification, without a natural saline-root-zone or salt-tolerance measurement.", "source_ids": [ "S4", "S2" ] }, { "name_original": "halophytes_tn", "display_name": "Halophytes.tn", "record_id": "1（catalogue position 78）", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "support_scope": "Halophytes.tn lists the species at catalogue position 78 under a profile that includes the synonym Otanthus maritimus. The entry records catalogue classification and a coastal-sand habitat label, not saline root-zone data for this species.", "source_ids": [ "S5" ] }, { "name_original": "floraveg", "display_name": "FloraVeg.EU", "record_id": "Achillea maritima exact match", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "support_scope": "FloraVeg.EU gives S=3.8 and community relationships to N14 shifting coastal dunes and N22 coastal shingle beach, with no saline/brackish specialist relation. This indicates regional coastal-sand and beach communities; S is relative, not a concentration, and the community codes do not mean salt marsh.", "source_ids": [ "S3" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "S1", "citation_original": "Dryades University of Trieste, Asinara Flora: Achillea maritima (= Otanthus maritimus)", "url": "https://dryades.units.it/asinara/index.php?id=5664&num=6096&procedure=taxon_page", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "authoritative_flora", "verification_level": "authority_record", "checked_at": "2026-10-02" }, { "id": "S2", "citation_original": "Zunzunegui et al. (2020). Field comparison of ecophysiological traits between an invader and a native species in a Mediterranean coastal dune. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 146:278–286. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.032", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.032", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "primary_field", "verification_level": "local_original", "checked_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "S3", "citation_original": "FloraVeg.EU, Achillea maritima species profile", "url": "https://www.floraveg.eu/", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "database", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "checked_at": "2026-09-29" }, { "id": "S4", "citation_original": "eHALOPH species record 11982", "url": "https://ehaloph.uc.pt/showplant/11982", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "database", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "checked_at": "2026-09-29" }, { "id": "S5", "citation_original": "Halophytes.tn profile, Achillea maritima (record 1)", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220927195022id_/http://halophytes.rnrt.tn/detail5116.html?id_plante=1", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "database", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "checked_at": "2026-09-29" }, { "id": "S6", "citation_original": "Asinara coastal flora / Mediterranean coastal dune studies of Otanthus maritimus", "url": "https://herbarivirtual.uib.es/es/general/467/especie/achillea-maritima-l-ehrend-y-p-guo", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "authoritative_flora", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "checked_at": "2026-09-29" } ] } }