{
  "release_id": "thrive-v1-9d751b6f6d1787853e7f8e31",
  "flora_id": 6,
  "display_name": "Abutilon indicum",
  "scientific_name": "Abutilon indicum",
  "document": {
    "schema_version": "flora-language-separated-v0.3",
    "language": "zh",
    "id": 6,
    "taxonomy": {
      "original_scientific_name": "Abutilon indicum",
      "accepted_name": "Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet",
      "family": "Malvaceae",
      "genus": "Abutilon"
    },
    "display_name": "Abutilon indicum",
    "family_display": "锦葵科",
    "genus_display": "苘麻属",
    "description": {
      "summary": "印度苘麻在越南前滨盐生群落和巴基斯坦卡拉奇工业盐影响地均有野外记录。卡拉奇研究报告的是群落土壤总可溶盐，不是单株NaCl试验。",
      "sections": [
        {
          "id": "s01",
          "title": "概述",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s01-p01",
              "text": "印度苘麻在越南前滨盐生群落和巴基斯坦卡拉奇工业盐影响地均有野外记录。卡拉奇研究报告的是群落土壤总可溶盐，不是单株NaCl试验。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S2",
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s02",
          "title": "名称与分类",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s02-p01",
              "text": "接受名为 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet；历史来源中的异名按各自分类概念保留。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S2",
                "S3",
                "S4"
              ],
              "claim_type": "source_fact"
            },
            {
              "id": "s02-p02",
              "text": "现有盐地记录分布在越南前滨群落和卡拉奇工业盐影响地，后者的工业盐源和污染背景应一并说明。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S2",
                "S4"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s03",
          "title": "形态与鉴别",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s03-p01",
              "text": "直立、密被柔毛的亚灌木；叶片宽卵形至近心形，边缘具粗锯齿，叶两面被柔毛；黄色花单生于叶腋；果为干燥分裂果，成熟时分为多个小果瓣，种子被毛。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S2",
                "S6"
              ],
              "claim_type": "source_fact"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s04",
          "title": "分布、生境与物候",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s04-p01",
              "text": "越南南中部由海水与盐风影响的前滨盐生植被；卡拉奇受工业排放及盐化影响的场地中自生群体，在28个样地中有10处为优势种。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S2",
                "S3",
                "S4"
              ],
              "claim_type": "source_fact"
            },
            {
              "id": "s04-p02",
              "text": "现有资料未提供一致可靠的开花或结果季节记录；不从单一地区或园艺材料外推物候。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S4"
              ],
              "claim_type": "evidence_gap"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s05",
          "title": "自然生境盐分关联",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s05-p01",
              "text": "越南清单记录群落关联，卡拉奇调查记录自生植株及群落土壤盐分；两者均未测单株根际阈值。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S2",
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s06",
          "title": "耐盐研究",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s06-p01",
              "text": "Rehman与Iqbal在卡拉奇Korangi/Landhi工业区的28个样地中记录A. indicum为10个样地的首位优势种。论文Table 2给出的这类样地土壤总可溶盐均值为10.2%，Table 1中所有含A. indicum群落的范围为7.5–14.0%。测定对象为0–30 cm表层土，使用Bower–Wilcox法；指标是总可溶盐百分比，不是ECe，盐离子也未分列。作者据此认为本种能在可溶盐较高的土壤中存活，但结果是群落尺度的横断面关联。工业盐化和污染可能共同影响植被分布，不能由此确定单株根区阈值或实验生长率。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "source_fact"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s07",
          "title": "已报道机制与生态适应",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s07-p01",
              "text": "现有野外清单和盐影响场地观察没有测定本种生理机制；工业盐源场地的出现是生态观察，不应改写为已知的离子调节途径。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S2",
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "s08",
          "title": "研究结论与资料缺口",
          "paragraphs": [
            {
              "id": "s08-p01",
              "text": "两处记录支持局地盐影响生境中的出现。卡拉奇TSS为表层土群落指标，越南名录未给种专属盐值，不能据此设定全种耐盐等级。",
              "source_ids": [
                "S1",
                "S2",
                "S3"
              ],
              "claim_type": "project_synthesis"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "tolerance_evidence": [
      {
        "id": "M01",
        "source_ids": [
          "S3"
        ],
        "description": {
          "evidence_type": "野外群落出现与环境盐度记录",
          "material": "卡拉奇 Korangi/Landhi 工业区 Abutilon indicum 首位优势种样地",
          "salt_metric": "混合盐/离子未分列",
          "value_and_unit": "10.2（首位优势种样地均值；表1所有以Abutilon indicum为命名成分的群落均值范围7.5–14.0） % total soluble salts in soil",
          "medium_and_exposure": "现场表层土总可溶盐（0–30 cm；方法按 Bower & Wilcox；非 ECe）",
          "life_stage": "成株/自然群落",
          "duration": "未知；横断面调查",
          "endpoint": "首位优势、植被与土壤总可溶盐关联",
          "result": "原刊Table 2显示A. indicum在10个首位优势种样地出现；均值TSS为10.2%，Table 1中所有含本种名的群落TSS范围为7.5–14.0%。作者称其在含相当可溶盐的土壤中表现出明显存活/抗性。",
          "limitations": "工业区人为盐化与污染可能混杂；TSS%保留原刊Table 2单位，不换算为EC或NaCl。样地关联不能确立单株根区耐受上限或实验生长率。"
        }
      }
    ],
    "database_records": [
      {
        "name_original": "china_halophyte_catalog",
        "display_name": "China Halophyte Catalogue",
        "record_id": "CNHP_0727",
        "verification_level": "archived_synthesis",
        "support_scope": "种级编目记录列“拒盐盐生植物”，生态型为“中生；沙生”，生境为海边沙地、荒野或河谷，盐度字段为“未知，300 mM（推测值）”。编目注明按野外调查增补；300 mM为未列来源的推测值。该条目提供区域名录与生境线索，未报告实测根区盐度。",
        "source_ids": [
          "S1"
        ]
      },
      {
        "name_original": "floraveg",
        "display_name": "FloraVeg.EU",
        "record_id": "baseline row 6",
        "verification_level": "local_original",
        "support_scope": "FloraVeg.EU在欧洲区域与本种名称精确匹配，但未列盐或半咸水EUNIS生境关联（0条）。该数据库的群落覆盖限于欧洲，未列关联不能排除亚洲种群的相关生境记录。",
        "source_ids": [
          "S5"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "S1",
        "citation_original": "中国盐生植物编目，CNHP_0727（Biodiversity Science 数据附件）",
        "url": "https://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/1005-0094/DATA/2025030.zip",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "database",
        "verification_level": "archived_synthesis",
        "checked_at": "2026-09-29"
      },
      {
        "id": "S2",
        "citation_original": "Hoang Thanh Truong et al. 2025. Halophytic Community of Foredunes in South-Central Coast of Vietnam. Indian Journal of Ecology 52(4):663–674. DOI:10.55362/IJE/2025/4555",
        "url": "https://indianecologicalsociety.com/wp-content/themes/ecology/volume_pdfs/1755054869.pdf",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "primary_field",
        "verification_level": "archived_synthesis",
        "checked_at": "2026-09-29"
      },
      {
        "id": "S3",
        "citation_original": "Syed Atiq-ur-Rehman & Muhammad Zafar Iqbal. 2011. Plant-Soil Relationships in Korangi and Landhi Industrial Areas in Karachi, Pakistan. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences 48(2):79–82",
        "url": "https://www.paspk.org/wp-content/uploads/proceedings/48%20No.%202/47dc1d48proc48-2-2.pdf",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "primary_field",
        "verification_level": "full_text",
        "checked_at": "2026-10-03"
      },
      {
        "id": "S4",
        "citation_original": "Plants of the World Online (POWO), Kew Science. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet.",
        "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1101632-2",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "taxonomic_authority",
        "verification_level": "authority_record",
        "checked_at": "2026-10-02"
      },
      {
        "id": "S5",
        "citation_original": "FloraVeg.EU / Chytrý et al. (2020), EUNIS-ESy characteristic-species combinations, version 2021-06-01. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4812736.",
        "url": "https://files.ibot.cas.cz/cevs/downloads/floraveg/Characteristic-species-combinations-EUNIS-habitats-2021-06-01.xlsx",
        "additional_urls": [
          "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4812736"
        ],
        "source_kind": "database",
        "verification_level": "local_original",
        "checked_at": "2026-10-02"
      },
      {
        "id": "S6",
        "citation_original": "NParks Flora & Fauna Web. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet.",
        "url": "https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/1/5/1582",
        "additional_urls": [],
        "source_kind": "botanical_treatment",
        "verification_level": "authority_record",
        "checked_at": "2026-10-03"
      }
    ]
  }
}