{ "release_id": "thrive-v1-9d751b6f6d1787853e7f8e31", "flora_id": 9, "display_name": "Acacia auriculiformis", "scientific_name": "Acacia auriculiformis", "document": { "schema_version": "flora-language-separated-v0.3", "language": "en", "id": 9, "taxonomy": { "original_scientific_name": "Acacia auriculiformis", "accepted_name": "Acacia auriculiformis Benth.", "family": "Fabaceae", "genus": "Acacia" }, "display_name": "Acacia auriculiformis", "family_display": "Fabaceae", "genus_display": "Acacia", "description": { "summary": "Acacia auriculiformis is recorded from tidal flats and salt lagoons as well as floodplains and forest margins. In a greenhouse pot study, seed emergence and seedling growth declined as soil salinity increased after NaCl amendment. A separate diluted-seawater irrigation study used a different EC measure.", "sections": [ { "id": "s01", "title": "Overview", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s01-p01", "text": "Acacia auriculiformis is described from coastal habitats such as tidal flats and salt lagoons and has also been studied under soil salinization and diluted-seawater irrigation. Soil EC and irrigation-water EC from different studies are not interchangeable and do not represent every population.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S3", "S4" ], "claim_type": "project_synthesis" } ] }, { "id": "s02", "title": "Names and classification", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s02-p01", "text": "Acacia auriculiformis Benth. is treated as a species-level taxon. Regional sources from Southeast Asia and the Pacific record it from tidal flats and salt lagoons; other sources also report cultivation, floodplains, and forest margins.", "source_ids": [ "S1" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" } ] }, { "id": "s03", "title": "Morphology and identification", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s03-p01", "text": "A small to medium tree whose mature foliage consists mainly of flattened, curved phyllodes with several longitudinal veins. Yellow flowers are borne in spikes; mature pods are curved to coiled, and the seeds often have a brightly coloured aril.", "source_ids": [ "S1" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" } ] }, { "id": "s04", "title": "Distribution, habitat and phenology", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s04-p01", "text": "PROSEA and regional cultivation or flora accounts describe parts of the species’ range as including tidal flats and salt lagoons; other records place it in floodplains, forest and forest margins. The available sources provide no long-term survey of species-specific salt-marsh populations or measurements of natural root-zone salinity.", "source_ids": [ "S1" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" }, { "id": "s04-p02", "text": "The available sources do not provide a consistent flowering or fruiting season for the species.", "source_ids": [], "claim_type": "evidence_gap" } ] }, { "id": "s05", "title": "Salinity in natural habitats", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s05-p01", "text": "Regional accounts record coastal, floodplain and forest-margin habitats; root-zone salinity has not been measured for individual coastal populations.", "source_ids": [ "S1" ], "claim_type": "project_synthesis" } ] }, { "id": "s06", "title": "Salinity studies", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s06-p01", "text": "Patel et al. amended pot soil with NaCl and measured EC in a 1:2 soil:water suspension, not a saturated-paste extract (ECe). The emergence series covered 0.3–13.9 dS/m and was recorded daily for 30 days; emergence was only 8% at 13.9 dS/m, and those seedlings were not used in the growth trial. A separate group grew for six months at 0.3–12.1 dS/m, with seedling growth declining significantly as soil salinity increased.", "source_ids": [ "S3" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" }, { "id": "s06-p02", "text": "Annual seedlings were irrigated with diluted natural seawater at ECw values of 4, 8, and 12 dS/m through day 150; plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, and biomass-related traits were measured on days 90 and 150. Growth declined as irrigation-water EC increased. At day 150, leaf area at 12 dS/m was 68% below the control and height was 39% lower. ECw is not soil EC or NaCl concentration, and root-zone salinity was not measured; these results do not define a sustained root-zone tolerance threshold.", "source_ids": [ "S4" ], "claim_type": "source_fact" } ] }, { "id": "s07", "title": "Reported mechanisms and ecological adaptations", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s07-p01", "text": "As pot-soil salinity increased, seedling tissues accumulated more proline, K, Na and N, while P, Ca, Mg and Fe declined; these changes occurred alongside altered water status and reduced growth.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S3", "S4" ], "claim_type": "project_synthesis" } ] }, { "id": "s08", "title": "Conclusions and evidence gaps", "paragraphs": [ { "id": "s08-p01", "text": "eHALOPH lists both woodland and coastal habitats, drawing on a remnant-forest study and a seawater-addition study; neither directly verifies a wild salt-marsh population. The two experiments report different exposures—soil EC after NaCl amendment and ECw of diluted seawater—and should not be combined into one salinity range.", "source_ids": [ "S1", "S2", "S3", "S4", "S5" ], "claim_type": "project_synthesis" } ] } ] }, "tolerance_evidence": [ { "id": "M01", "source_ids": [ "S3" ], "description": { "evidence_type": "Seedling emergence and growth experiment across pot-soil salinity levels", "material": "Acacia auriculiformis seedlings used as greenhouse experimental material", "salt_metric": "NaCl added; concentration not reported in mM", "value_and_unit": "Soil EC for emergence: 0.3, 3.9, 6.0, 7.9, 10.0, 12.1, and 13.9 dS/m; the six-month growth series included only 0.3–12.1 dS/m (13.9 dS/m was not included in the growth trial)", "medium_and_exposure": "NaCl was added to pot soil. Soil EC was measured in a 1:2 soil:distilled-water suspension, shaken and left overnight before conductivity was measured in the supernatant. These values are not saturated-paste ECe and are not converted to NaCl molarity.", "life_stage": "Seedling emergence and post-establishment seedling growth; 13.9 dS/m was used only for emergence", "duration": "Emergence was recorded daily for 30 days; the growth trial continued for six months after the second leaf confirmed establishment", "endpoint": "Seedling height and growth, water status, ions, and proline", "result": "At 13.9 dS/m soil salinity, only 8% emergence occurred and those seedlings were not included in further experiments. A separate group grown for six months at 0.3–12.1 dS/m showed significant declines in seedling growth as soil salinity increased. The eHALOPH value of 12.1 dS/m is a tested level, not a maximum tolerance threshold.", "limitations": "The 13.9 dS/m treatment was emergence-only, not a growth treatment; the growth trial covered 0.3–12.1 dS/m and seedling endpoints. The full text reports EC from a 1:2 soil:water suspension, not saturated-paste ECe. These pot results do not establish full-life-cycle tolerance or sustained field root-zone salinity, and are not converted to NaCl mM." } }, { "id": "M02", "source_ids": [ "S4" ], "description": { "evidence_type": "150-day seedling growth trial irrigated with diluted natural seawater", "material": "Annual seedlings used as biological material in the original study", "salt_metric": "Mixed salts in seawater", "value_and_unit": "EC of diluted seawater: 4, 8, and 12 dS/m", "medium_and_exposure": "Irrigation with diluted natural seawater reported as ECw; root-zone salinity was not measured", "life_stage": "Seedling", "duration": "Saline irrigation continued to 150 days; endpoints measured at 90 and 150 days", "endpoint": "Plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, and biomass-related traits", "result": "The available secondary summary reports that seedling growth declined as seawater EC increased; by day 150, leaf area in the 12 dS/m group was 68% below the control and plant height was 39% lower.", "limitations": "The study used diluted-seawater irrigation and reports ECw, not soil EC or NaCl concentration. Root-zone salinity was not reported, so the result does not define a sustained root-zone tolerance threshold." } } ], "database_records": [ { "name_original": "ehaloph", "display_name": "eHALOPH", "record_id": "12248", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "support_scope": "The species-level eHALOPH entry lists maximum salinity of 12.1 dS/m, optimum salinity of 0.3 dS/m, woodland and coastal habitat, and apparently conflicting reports of salt sensitivity. The 12.1 dS/m value links to Patel et al. (2010), a seedling study using NaCl-amended soil. Habitat fields separately cite a 2015 Palau remnant-forest study and a 2021 seawater-addition study; neither verifies a wild salt-marsh population of this species. The record helps trace the EC study and secondary ecology sources, but its maximum is a tested level, not an NaCl-molarity threshold.", "source_ids": [ "S5" ] }, { "name_original": "floraveg", "display_name": "FloraVeg.EU", "record_id": "baseline row 9", "verification_level": "local_original", "support_scope": "Local-name search returned an unmatched FloraVeg candidate and no saline/brackish EUNIS association. The regional dataset covers Europe only; this is not evidence about the species worldwide.", "source_ids": [ "S6" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "S1", "citation_original": "PROSEA, Acacia auriculiformis species account", "url": "https://plantuse.plantnet.org/en/Acacia_auriculiformis_(PROSEA)", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "authoritative_flora", "verification_level": "authority_record", "checked_at": "2026-10-02" }, { "id": "S2", "citation_original": "Patel, Jadeja & Pandey. 2010. Effect of salinization of soil on growth, water status and nutrient accumulation in seedlings of Acacia auriculiformis (Fabaceae). Journal of Plant Nutrition 33:914–932. DOI:10.1080/01904161003669939", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01904161003669939", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "primary_experiment", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "checked_at": "2026-09-29" }, { "id": "S3", "citation_original": "同 Patel et al. 2010原始研究", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/202870325_Effect_of_salinization_of_soil_on_growth_water_status_and_nutrient_accumulation_in_seedlings_of_Acacia_auriculiformis_Fabaceae", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "primary_experiment", "verification_level": "local_original", "checked_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "S4", "citation_original": "Rahman, M.M., Rahman, M.A., Miah, M.G., Saha, S.R., Karim, M.A. & Mostofa, M.G. (2017). Mechanistic Insight into Salt Tolerance of Acacia auriculiformis: The Importance of Ion Selectivity, Osmoprotection, Tissue Tolerance, and Na+ Exclusion. Frontiers in Plant Science 8:155. DOI:10.3389/fpls.2017.00155.", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378810/", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "primary_experiment", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "checked_at": "2026-09-29" }, { "id": "S5", "citation_original": "eHALOPH species record 12248", "url": "https://ehaloph.uc.pt/showplant/12248", "additional_urls": [], "source_kind": "database", "verification_level": "archived_synthesis", "checked_at": "2026-09-29" }, { "id": "S6", "citation_original": "FloraVeg.EU / Chytrý et al. (2020), EUNIS-ESy characteristic-species combinations, version 2021-06-01. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4812736.", "url": "https://files.ibot.cas.cz/cevs/downloads/floraveg/Characteristic-species-combinations-EUNIS-habitats-2021-06-01.xlsx", "additional_urls": [ "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4812736" ], "source_kind": "database", "verification_level": "local_original", "checked_at": "2026-10-02" } ] } }