[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":147},["ShallowReactive",2],{"flora-19-en":3},{"release_id":4,"flora_id":5,"display_name":6,"scientific_name":7,"document":8},"thrive-v1-9d751b6f6d1787853e7f8e31",19,"Asian copperleaf","Acalypha australis",{"schema_version":9,"language":10,"id":5,"taxonomy":11,"display_name":6,"family_display":13,"genus_display":14,"description":15,"tolerance_evidence":99,"database_records":100,"sources":114},"flora-language-separated-v0.3","en",{"original_scientific_name":7,"accepted_name":12,"family":13,"genus":14},"Acalypha australis L.","Euphorbiaceae","Acalypha",{"summary":16,"sections":17},"Acalypha australis is a widespread East Asian annual of open, disturbed habitats. BiosalineDB also lists coastal mudflats, but its cited material does not support that habitat claim; species-specific saline-site root-zone records and salt-treatment growth studies remain lacking.",[18,30,44,52,67,75,83,91],{"id":19,"title":20,"paragraphs":21},"s01","Overview",[22],{"id":23,"text":24,"source_ids":25,"claim_type":29},"s01-p01","Acalypha australis is a widespread East Asian annual of open, disturbed habitats. BiosalineDB also lists coastal mudflats, but the page’s general habitat information and cited chemistry\u002Fpharmacology papers do not substantiate that claim.",[26,27,28],"S1","S2","S3","project_synthesis",{"id":31,"title":32,"paragraphs":33},"s02","Names and classification",[34,40],{"id":35,"text":36,"source_ids":37,"claim_type":39},"s02-p01","Accepted as Acalypha australis L.",[27,28,38],"S5","source_fact",{"id":41,"text":42,"source_ids":43,"claim_type":29},"s02-p02","POWO, Flora of China, and VicFlora use Acalypha australis L.; the cited sources do not indicate a synonym treatment that changes the species circumscription.",[27,28,38],{"id":45,"title":46,"paragraphs":47},"s03","Morphology and identification",[48],{"id":49,"text":50,"source_ids":51,"claim_type":39},"s03-p01","An annual herb with alternate, ovate to rhombic-ovate, toothed leaves. Small unisexual flowers occur in axillary or nearly terminal spikes, and the fruit is a small capsule. Identification among Acalypha species relies in part on leaf shape and inflorescence structure.",[27,28],{"id":53,"title":54,"paragraphs":55},"s04","Distribution, habitat and phenology",[56,61],{"id":57,"text":58,"source_ids":59,"claim_type":39},"s04-p01","BiosalineDB lists plains, hillsides, and wasteland as general habitats, while its salinity field separately mentions coastal mudflats; its cited papers concern chemistry or pharmacology. VicFlora describes the species as an annual of open, disturbed sites.",[26,27,28,60,38],"S4",{"id":62,"text":63,"source_ids":64,"claim_type":66},"s04-p02","BiosalineDB and Flora of China each report flowering and fruiting from April to December; these are source-specific records, not a range-wide calendar.",[26,38,65],"S6","evidence_gap",{"id":68,"title":69,"paragraphs":70},"s05","Salinity in natural habitats",[71],{"id":72,"text":73,"source_ids":74,"claim_type":29},"s05-p01","Available habitat records do not provide a salt-marsh locality or saline root-zone measurement tied to this species; the BiosalineDB coastal-mudflat claim lacks ecological support.",[26,27,28],{"id":76,"title":77,"paragraphs":78},"s06","Salinity studies",[79],{"id":80,"text":81,"source_ids":82,"claim_type":66},"s06-p01","The available sources report no plant-growth trial or quantitative salinity response for this species.",[],{"id":84,"title":85,"paragraphs":86},"s07","Reported mechanisms and ecological adaptations",[87],{"id":88,"text":89,"source_ids":90,"claim_type":29},"s07-p01","The available sources report no study of ion regulation, osmotic responses, or other salt-stress mechanisms in this species.",[26,27,28],{"id":92,"title":93,"paragraphs":94},"s08","Conclusions and evidence gaps",[95],{"id":96,"text":97,"source_ids":98,"claim_type":29},"s08-p01","The BiosalineDB coastal-mudflat habitat entry lacks ecological support; field surveys and controlled experiments are needed to establish whether the species occurs in natural saline sites and how it grows under salt treatment.",[26,27,28,60],[],[101,108],{"name_original":102,"display_name":103,"record_id":104,"verification_level":105,"support_scope":106,"source_ids":107},"biosalinedb","BiosalineDB","TaxID 720869","archived_synthesis","The species-level page lists plains, hillsides, and wasteland as general habitats, and separately says the plant may occur on coastal mudflats and has some salt tolerance, without giving a value. Its cited papers concern pharmacology or plant extracts and do not provide ecological support for the mudflat claim.",[26,60,28],{"name_original":109,"display_name":110,"record_id":111,"verification_level":105,"support_scope":112,"source_ids":113},"floraveg","FloraVeg.EU","Acalypha australis exact match","The FloraVeg.EU European match lists the life form as Therophyte and has zero saline\u002Fbrackish EUNIS associations. It describes European communities and does not represent habitats across the species’ East Asian range.",[27],[115,121,125,130,133,140],{"id":26,"citation_original":116,"url":117,"additional_urls":118,"source_kind":119,"verification_level":105,"checked_at":120},"BiosalineDB profile, Acalypha australis (TaxID 720869)","https:\u002F\u002Fdb.cngb.org\u002Fbiosaline\u002Fcoastal_plants\u002F?id=720869&lvl=species",[],"database","2026-09-29",{"id":27,"citation_original":122,"url":123,"additional_urls":124,"source_kind":119,"verification_level":105,"checked_at":120},"FloraVeg.EU species profile, Acalypha australis","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.floraveg.eu\u002F",[],{"id":28,"citation_original":126,"url":127,"additional_urls":128,"source_kind":129,"verification_level":105,"checked_at":120},"National Herbarium of Victoria, Euphorbiaceae identification and distribution resources","https:\u002F\u002Fvicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au\u002F",[],"authoritative_flora",{"id":60,"citation_original":131,"url":117,"additional_urls":132,"source_kind":119,"verification_level":105,"checked_at":120},"BiosalineDB cited references attached to Acalypha australis profile",[],{"id":38,"citation_original":134,"url":135,"additional_urls":136,"source_kind":137,"verification_level":138,"checked_at":139},"Plants of the World Online (POWO), Kew Science. Acalypha australis L.","https:\u002F\u002Fpowo.science.kew.org\u002Ftaxon\u002Furn:lsid:ipni.org:names:337182-1",[],"taxonomic_authority","authority_record","2026-10-02",{"id":65,"citation_original":141,"url":142,"additional_urls":143,"source_kind":144,"verification_level":145,"checked_at":146},"Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2008. Acalypha australis L. Flora of China 11: 251–255.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iplant.cn\u002Ffoc\u002Fpdf\u002FAcalypha.pdf",[],"flora_treatment","full_text","2026-10-03",1792838238173]